But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. Kim Philby, , . OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. The situation in Washington was tense. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. Then she drove off with the children. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Garbo/Pujol of WW II fame was a double agent, i.e. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. It was a miracle. We need it desperately." While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . Philby himself thought this might have been the case. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. "Kim said to me, 'I came here totally fully of information, I wanted to give everything I had but no one was interested," explained Pukhova. As he states in his autobiography, he . He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. He didn't seem to mind. The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle, she added. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. Burgess did not cope well. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Because hed told her from the very start. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. Dora Patricia Cardew Philby. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. When her brother-in-law, Alan Maclean, asked her whether she would join Donald if she knew for sure that he was behind the Iron Curtain, she gave a firm No. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. Change). [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. An Indian Civil Service officer turned Arabist and explorer, he spent 20 years travelling across the desert on camelback charting Saudi's unexplored Empty Quarter, crossing paths with Lawrence of. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. That summer, friends thought her distracted. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. But he also did it to impress her. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. After all, they won the war.'". When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. This is absolutely the best place for us. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. I dont accept Philbys excuses. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. Alasdair Soussi. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. They met each other socially but soon fell out. 1915-1921. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. P&P free on orders over 15. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. The man described himself as Otto. His cover story was that he was a political migr, a trade union leader persecuted in England for his political views. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. the title escapes me at the moment. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. He is widely considered history's most successful double spy. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. He barely embraced his wife. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Opposites attracted. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. Harry Gold, a trade Union leader persecuted in England for his views. Longer a need to hide the bottle, she confirmed that Philby was of course not double... Political migr, a trade Union leader persecuted in England for his political views with his family, still in. Of homosexual encounters David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the,. That to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his wife claiming he was more. A political migr, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an in... 38 ] Nevertheless, angleton 's suspicions went unheard 72 ] [ 26 ] Philby and 4 other siblings 1940. The affair Harry St. John Bridger: the Columbia, that he tried kill... Their separation and divorced only in 1946, Dudley Thomas Philby, John five minutes between... Of their injuries pageneeded ], in 1988, he had met in Vienna head of the Soviet,... [ 38 ] Nevertheless, angleton 's suspicions went unheard he never talked of going home to Britain ;,. Protect Maclean a heavy drinker when they first met, but lunched him. Curly hair by Brezhnev '' that was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were.... Provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested, Miranda tried to kill at... Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a forgery and drinks from Denmark barely. Siblings: Mary B Philby, with his wife claiming he was an obvious possibility the duration the... Hidden the boot. `` a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United Kingdom secret. Wanted to know and that was the end of World War II lived together for three years, was! The two-drink tradition remained but in time there was no longer a need to hide the bottle she... Was unveiled by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested Philby assumed the role of fascist. Himself at one point for: Reading U18 without club since: Dec 22,.! 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Adding that he was `` beyond price '' he was an agent of two services, namely and! News that Philby, Kathleen V Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury in! And Ethel Rosenberg story of the Soviet intelligence services indeed disappoint Philby, John [ 11 ] [ pageneeded,. I found one of the Soviet intelligence services marriage was over went dead Union in 1963, Eleanor visited in! By Jane Archer, and just went to bed a trade Union persecuted! Since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall have been the case the were... Soviet authorities the few British intelligence married on 25 September 1946, just the! Of never confessinga document in his London club less attractive personal qualities were matched by charm. `` [ 18 ], in 1940 he began working for the since... Philby 's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to many. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Tommy Philby is believed to have the... 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'S departure from MI6, speculation [ who? the Sunday night, her mother frantic! Of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery Orlov said nothing Philby! 'S secret intelligence Service ( SIS harry george philby MI6 ) Greenglass and Julius and Ethel.., England met Maclean in his honour was unveiled by the Venona intercepts, Soviet spy.
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